The Visconti dynasty took over power in the city.
Famous artists flocked there and this age saw the building of el Castello and el Duomo. After the Viscontis, 1450 brought with it peace and another dose of art from the Sforzas. El Ospedale Maggiore, Ca’ Granda and Santa Maria delle Grazie, with the stunning Last Supper by Leonardo, were created by the powerful Sforza family.
With the decade of the Renaissance, Milan also lost its staying power and became part of the Empire of Charles V. Spanish rule saw the building of more walls, which are still known as the Spanish walls, as well as Baroque works and a number of reconstructions.
During the War of Spanish Succession, Milan was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until 1859 with the exception of the Napoleonic period, which was when the city experienced a financial and cultural rebirth.
Architect Giuseppe Piermarini designed the Teatro alla Scala and rebuilt the Palazzo Reale, and in doing so gave the city a high quality cultural scene. Bonaparte was defeated and Milan became an icon of the Romanticism, and a by-word for the struggle for Italian independence.
With the aid of Verdi’s operas, the Milanese expelled the Austro-Hungarian army, although they were reoccupied by this Central European power.
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